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George Anson, 1st Baron Anson
Admiral of the Fleet George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, PC, FRS (23 April 1697 – 6 June 1762), was a Royal Navy officer. Anson served as a junior officer during the War of the Spanish Succession and then saw active service against Spain at the Battle of Cape Passaro during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. He then undertook a circumnavigation of the globe during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Anson commanded the fleet that defeated the French Admiral de la Jonquière at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre during the War of the Austrian Succession.
Anson went on to be First Lord of the Admiralty during the Seven Years' War. Among his reforms were the removal of corrupt defence contractors, improved medical care, submitting a revision of the Articles of War to Parliament to tighten discipline throughout the Navy, uniforms for commissioned officers, the transfer of the Marines from Army to Navy authority, and a system for rating ships according to their number of guns.
==Family and early career==
Anson was the son of William Anson of Shugborough in Staffordshire and Isabella Carrier,〔Cokayne, p. 173〕 whose brother-in-law was the Earl of Macclesfield and Lord Chancellor, a relationship that proved very useful to the future admiral. He was born on April 23, 1697, at Shugborough Manor. In February of 1712, amid the War of the Spanish Succession, Anson entered the navy at the age of 15. He served as a volunteer aboard the fourth-rate , before transferring to the third-rate .〔Anson 1912, p. 1〕 Promoted to lieutenant on 17 March 1716, he was assigned to the fourth-rate in service as part of a Baltic Sea fleet commanded by Admiral John Norris.〔Heathcote, p. 11〕 Anson transferred to the aging fourth-rate in March 1718, and saw active service against Spain at the Battle of Cape Passaro in August 1718 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance.〔Anson 1912, pp. 2-3〕 He then transferred to the second-rate , flagship of Admiral George Byng, in October 1719.〔
Anson was promoted to commander in June 1722 and given command of the small 8-gun HMS ''Weazel''. Anson's orders were to suppress smuggling between Britain and Holland, a task he swiftly and effectively performed.〔 In recognition of his efforts he was promoted to the rank of post-captain in February 1723 and given command of the 32-gun sixth-rate HMS ''Scarborough'' with orders to escort British merchant convoys from the Carolinas.〔 (The Ansonborough district of Charleston, South Carolina, still commemorates his time there.) He transferred to the command of the sixth-rate HMS ''Garland'', still on the Carolinas station, in July 1728, then to the command of the fifth-rate HMS ''Diamond'' in the Channel Fleet in 1730, and to the command of the sixth-rate HMS ''Squirrel'' back on the Carolinas station in 1731.〔 He was given command of the 60-gun third-rate in the West Africa Squadron in 1737 and, having been promoted to commodore with his broad pennant in HMS ''Centurion'', he took command of a squadron sent to attack Spanish possessions in South America at the outset of the War of Jenkins' Ear.〔Heathcote, p. 12〕
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